Phone: 973-439-1700
Toll Free: 800-229-2542
Fax: 973-439-1710
277 Fairfield Road, Suite 218
Fairfield, NJ 07004
SPACIOUS STATEROOMS
AN ARRAY OF AMENITIES
AWARD-WINNING DINING
A WORLD OF EXPLORATION
LAND PROGRAM
Destination | Arrival | Departure |
---|---|---|
Madrid | Wednesday, Sep 10, 2025 | Wednesday, Sep 10, 2025 |
The capital of Spain since 1562, Madrid is located on the geographic center of the Iberian Peninsula. Because of its central location and high altitude, the climate of Madrid is characterized by warm dry summers and cool winters. Madrid is a city of great monuments. Among its highlights are the medieval center dating back to the Habsburg Empire and the Prado Museum. Madrid is not just a cultural destination. It is also a lively metropolis with many pubs, cafes, discotheques and nightclubs open late into the night. | ||
Madrid | Thursday, Sep 11, 2025 | Thursday, Sep 11, 2025 |
The capital of Spain since 1562, Madrid is located on the geographic center of the Iberian Peninsula. Because of its central location and high altitude, the climate of Madrid is characterized by warm dry summers and cool winters. Madrid is a city of great monuments. Among its highlights are the medieval center dating back to the Habsburg Empire and the Prado Museum. Madrid is not just a cultural destination. It is also a lively metropolis with many pubs, cafes, discotheques and nightclubs open late into the night. | ||
Madrid | Friday, Sep 12, 2025 | Friday, Sep 12, 2025 |
The capital of Spain since 1562, Madrid is located on the geographic center of the Iberian Peninsula. Because of its central location and high altitude, the climate of Madrid is characterized by warm dry summers and cool winters. Madrid is a city of great monuments. Among its highlights are the medieval center dating back to the Habsburg Empire and the Prado Museum. Madrid is not just a cultural destination. It is also a lively metropolis with many pubs, cafes, discotheques and nightclubs open late into the night. | ||
Toledo | Friday, Sep 12, 2025 | Friday, Sep 12, 2025 |
The third-largest port city on the Great Lakes, Toledo was once the subject of a cantankerous border dispute between Ohio and Michigan. Today, Toledo claims the title of Glass Capital of the World, and you can discover the history of glass at the Toledo Art Museum and the adjacent University Arts Center (designed by architect Frank Gehry). The museum, which is known particularly for its collection of glass objects, from ancient to modern, also houses fine art from around the world. The city has a number of factory-outlet glass stores, and several glass factories offer tours. Other city attractions include the Toledo Zoo (don't miss the hippos swimming in the Hippoquarium) and the Botanical Garden (plenty of green and shade for relaxing). The Willis B. Boyer, a museum ship berthed at International Park on the city shore, provides an interesting look at life aboard a lake freighter in the early 1900s. (The tour entails lots of walking and quite a few stairs.) Afterward, take a stroll along the riverfront, which is lined with parks and promenades. MASH fans will remember that Jamie Farr's character, Corporal Klinger, was from Toledo and often spoke lovingly of his favorite restaurant, Tony Packo's Cafe. Well, Farr was from Toledo in real life, and the restaurant is real and still serving the same spicy Hungarian hot dogs made famous in the show. Take note of all the autographs on display: You'll see the names of entertainers, sports figures and even former U.S. President Jimmy Carter—all signed on hot-dog buns. Southwest of Toledo, in nearby Maumee, you can visit the Wolcott Museum Complex—a set of restored structures from the 1800s, ranging from the Federal-style Wolcott House to a simple log cabin. A great place to spend a night is Maumee Bay Resort on the shore of Lake Erie. There's another restored village west of Toledo near Archbold—the Sauder Farm and Craft Village—which takes a living-history approach with costumed staff demonstrating the arts of rural life. Maumee State Park features a lodge and lots of wildlife. Toledo is 90 mi/145 km west of Cleveland. | ||
Madrid | Saturday, Sep 13, 2025 | Saturday, Sep 13, 2025 |
The capital of Spain since 1562, Madrid is located on the geographic center of the Iberian Peninsula. Because of its central location and high altitude, the climate of Madrid is characterized by warm dry summers and cool winters. Madrid is a city of great monuments. Among its highlights are the medieval center dating back to the Habsburg Empire and the Prado Museum. Madrid is not just a cultural destination. It is also a lively metropolis with many pubs, cafes, discotheques and nightclubs open late into the night. | ||
Salamanca | Saturday, Sep 13, 2025 | Saturday, Sep 13, 2025 |
The ancient city of Salamanca, famous for its university founded by Alfonso IX in the early 1200s, is well preserved, with turreted palaces, faded convents, Romanesque churches, and colleges that have attracted scholars from all over Europe. Nearly all the attractions are within walking distance of the Plaza Mayor. In its day, Salamanca was ranked with Oxford, Paris, and Bologna as one of "the four leading lights of the medieval world." The intellectual life continues to this day, and a large invasion of American students brings added life to the town in summer. Still a youthful, spirited place because of the venerable Salamanca University, the city has been named a "World Heritage City" by UNESCO, one of six such cities in Spain. | ||
Cruise Starts (Embarkation) | Saturday, Sep 13, 2025 | Saturday, Sep 13, 2025 |
No Description Available | ||
Vega de Terron | Saturday, Sep 13, 2025 | Saturday, Sep 13, 2025 |
Tours of the wine country along the Douro River often include stops at this peaceful town on the way to Salamanca, Spain. | ||
Barca d'Alva | Sunday, Sep 14, 2025 | Sunday, Sep 14, 2025 |
This tiny village, only a few hundred feet from the Spanish border, sits on the banks of the Douro River. The Douro River Valley is famous for its vineyards and port wine grapes. Also see almond, olive and cherry orchards lining the valley. | ||
Castelo Rodrigo | Sunday, Sep 14, 2025 | Sunday, Sep 14, 2025 |
No Description Available | ||
Pinhao | Sunday, Sep 14, 2025 | Sunday, Sep 14, 2025 |
Spectacularly located at the confluence of the Douro and Pinhão rivers, the small town of Pinhão is the epicenter of the Port winemaking area. Although a sleepy town for most of the year, Pinhão bursts into life in autumn during the annual grape harvest, attracting pickers from all over the country. Popular for its peaceful riverside location and surrounding scenery, Pinhão is a mecca for lovers of fine wine. Built on the site of an 18th century wine estate, the four-star Vintage House Hotel operates regular tastings and courses covering a wide range of aspects, such as the main types, how the wine is made and buying and storing. The railway line passes within view of some of the most famous Port vineyards. Croft’s Quinta da Roeda, Graham’s Quinta dos Malvedos and Cockburn’s Tua are all within sight of the train. Further along are two of the grandest of vineyard estates: Taylor’s Quinta de Vargellas and the Symingtons’ Quinta do Vesúvio, both of which have their own private railway stations. | ||
Pinhao | Monday, Sep 15, 2025 | Monday, Sep 15, 2025 |
Spectacularly located at the confluence of the Douro and Pinhão rivers, the small town of Pinhão is the epicenter of the Port winemaking area. Although a sleepy town for most of the year, Pinhão bursts into life in autumn during the annual grape harvest, attracting pickers from all over the country. Popular for its peaceful riverside location and surrounding scenery, Pinhão is a mecca for lovers of fine wine. Built on the site of an 18th century wine estate, the four-star Vintage House Hotel operates regular tastings and courses covering a wide range of aspects, such as the main types, how the wine is made and buying and storing. The railway line passes within view of some of the most famous Port vineyards. Croft’s Quinta da Roeda, Graham’s Quinta dos Malvedos and Cockburn’s Tua are all within sight of the train. Further along are two of the grandest of vineyard estates: Taylor’s Quinta de Vargellas and the Symingtons’ Quinta do Vesúvio, both of which have their own private railway stations. | ||
Quinta da Avessada | Monday, Sep 15, 2025 | Monday, Sep 15, 2025 |
No Description Available | ||
Peso da Regua | Tuesday, Sep 16, 2025 | Tuesday, Sep 16, 2025 |
Peso da Régua is a town in the north of Portugal, on the River Douro. It has a population of about 10,000 and is in the heart of Portugal's port wine-producing region. | ||
Mateus | Tuesday, Sep 16, 2025 | Tuesday, Sep 16, 2025 |
Mateus is a charming portuguese village, which owes its fame to the nobility of the region. Visitors may visit the Mateus palace and view the baroque architecture, valuable paintings, and small private museum. There are also beautiful gardens for visitors to admire and enjoy. Mateus is also known for its wine industry and produces a variety of wines showcasing the Mateus palace on the face of the unique bottle. | ||
Lamego | Tuesday, Sep 16, 2025 | Tuesday, Sep 16, 2025 |
Overlooked by one of Portugal's most important shrines, Lamego is an ancient episcopal city lying within the Upper Douro's demarcated Port wine area. Located in a fertile valley, it is a delightful Baroque town with a central square laid out as a public garden surrounded by elegant 17th-century buildings. Its most significant role in the country's history was as the site where, in 1143, the cortes met for the very first time to declare Afonso Henriques as Portugal's first king. | ||
Peso da Regua | Wednesday, Sep 17, 2025 | Wednesday, Sep 17, 2025 |
Peso da Régua is a town in the north of Portugal, on the River Douro. It has a population of about 10,000 and is in the heart of Portugal's port wine-producing region. | ||
Entre-Os-Rios | Wednesday, Sep 17, 2025 | Wednesday, Sep 17, 2025 |
Entre-Os-Rios is a small town located at the confluence of the Duoro and Tamega Rivers. Enjoy magnificent views of vineyards and fruit trees, and utter relaxation while strolling through this charming town. | ||
Entre-Os-Rios | Thursday, Sep 18, 2025 | Thursday, Sep 18, 2025 |
Entre-Os-Rios is a small town located at the confluence of the Duoro and Tamega Rivers. Enjoy magnificent views of vineyards and fruit trees, and utter relaxation while strolling through this charming town. | ||
Porto (Oporto) | Thursday, Sep 18, 2025 | Thursday, Sep 18, 2025 |
Porto (Oporto), Portugal's second largest city, is full of interest, and the district it heads offers the visitor plenty to see. Along the coast, there are resorts like the cosmopolitan beach of Espinho, busy ports like Matosinhos, with splendid seafood, or traditional fishing towns like Póvoa de Varzim, and there is also an animated casino. Charming Amarante has 17th century mansions overlooking the river and is famous for a sweet egg pastries called "papos de anjo" (angel bellies). In Vila Nova de Gaia, there are lodges where Port wine is blended and aged and where tasting are offered, or visitors may take a river cruise along the Douro. The whole district is filled with prosperous towns, but there are also many calm roads with wonderful views over the river and a rugged and still unspoilt coastline. | ||
Porto (Oporto) | Friday, Sep 19, 2025 | Friday, Sep 19, 2025 |
Porto (Oporto), Portugal's second largest city, is full of interest, and the district it heads offers the visitor plenty to see. Along the coast, there are resorts like the cosmopolitan beach of Espinho, busy ports like Matosinhos, with splendid seafood, or traditional fishing towns like Póvoa de Varzim, and there is also an animated casino. Charming Amarante has 17th century mansions overlooking the river and is famous for a sweet egg pastries called "papos de anjo" (angel bellies). In Vila Nova de Gaia, there are lodges where Port wine is blended and aged and where tasting are offered, or visitors may take a river cruise along the Douro. The whole district is filled with prosperous towns, but there are also many calm roads with wonderful views over the river and a rugged and still unspoilt coastline. | ||
Porto (Oporto) | Saturday, Sep 20, 2025 | Saturday, Sep 20, 2025 |
Porto (Oporto), Portugal's second largest city, is full of interest, and the district it heads offers the visitor plenty to see. Along the coast, there are resorts like the cosmopolitan beach of Espinho, busy ports like Matosinhos, with splendid seafood, or traditional fishing towns like Póvoa de Varzim, and there is also an animated casino. Charming Amarante has 17th century mansions overlooking the river and is famous for a sweet egg pastries called "papos de anjo" (angel bellies). In Vila Nova de Gaia, there are lodges where Port wine is blended and aged and where tasting are offered, or visitors may take a river cruise along the Douro. The whole district is filled with prosperous towns, but there are also many calm roads with wonderful views over the river and a rugged and still unspoilt coastline. | ||
Cruise Ends (Debarkation) | Saturday, Sep 20, 2025 | Saturday, Sep 20, 2025 |
No Description Available | ||
Tomar | Saturday, Sep 20, 2025 | Saturday, Sep 20, 2025 |
The hillside centerpiece of the small town of Tomar, Portugal, is the 12th-century castle built by the crusading Order of the Knights Templar and the later monastery built around it. The entire complex is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Charola, a 16-sided structure surrounding a gilt octagon, served as the knights' oratory. Several cloisters were added to the complex at different stages, most of them reflecting the power and prestige of the Order of Christ (successor to the Knights Templar order) and its role during the age of exploration. Also worth seeing in Tomar is one of the oldest synagogues in Portugal, dating back to 1430 but last used as a place of worship in 1496, when the Jews were expelled from the country by Manuel I. It now houses a small Jewish museum. On a brighter note, the largest collection of matchboxes in Europe can be seen at the Museu dos Fosforos. | ||
Lisbon | Saturday, Sep 20, 2025 | Saturday, Sep 20, 2025 |
Portugal’s capital is an 18th-century city - elegant, open to the sea and carefully planned. Most places of interest are within easy walking distance. Rossio Square, the heart of Lisbon since medieval times, is an ideal place to start exploring. Many rebuilt houses with original façades provide stores and restaurants with modern interiors. High above Baixa is Bairro Alto - with its teeming nightlife. There are many monuments and museums, such as San Jeronimos Monastery, Royal Coach Museum and Gulbenkian Museum. Two well-known landmarks are the Monument to the Discoveries and the Tower of Belem. A statue of Christ looms above Europe’s longest suspension bridge. Madragoa, Bica and Bairro Alto, Lisbon’s older sections, offer a variety of sights: the Church of Sao Roque, with its beautiful tiles; St. George Castle, which offers a splendid view from its location above the Alfama quarter; the botanical gardens, featuring an unusual, cold greenhouse; and the cathedral, stunning with its Moorish design. Renowned Gulbenkian Museum is the cultural center of Portugal. | ||
Lisbon | Sunday, Sep 21, 2025 | Sunday, Sep 21, 2025 |
Portugal’s capital is an 18th-century city - elegant, open to the sea and carefully planned. Most places of interest are within easy walking distance. Rossio Square, the heart of Lisbon since medieval times, is an ideal place to start exploring. Many rebuilt houses with original façades provide stores and restaurants with modern interiors. High above Baixa is Bairro Alto - with its teeming nightlife. There are many monuments and museums, such as San Jeronimos Monastery, Royal Coach Museum and Gulbenkian Museum. Two well-known landmarks are the Monument to the Discoveries and the Tower of Belem. A statue of Christ looms above Europe’s longest suspension bridge. Madragoa, Bica and Bairro Alto, Lisbon’s older sections, offer a variety of sights: the Church of Sao Roque, with its beautiful tiles; St. George Castle, which offers a splendid view from its location above the Alfama quarter; the botanical gardens, featuring an unusual, cold greenhouse; and the cathedral, stunning with its Moorish design. Renowned Gulbenkian Museum is the cultural center of Portugal. | ||
Lisbon | Monday, Sep 22, 2025 | Monday, Sep 22, 2025 |
Portugal’s capital is an 18th-century city - elegant, open to the sea and carefully planned. Most places of interest are within easy walking distance. Rossio Square, the heart of Lisbon since medieval times, is an ideal place to start exploring. Many rebuilt houses with original façades provide stores and restaurants with modern interiors. High above Baixa is Bairro Alto - with its teeming nightlife. There are many monuments and museums, such as San Jeronimos Monastery, Royal Coach Museum and Gulbenkian Museum. Two well-known landmarks are the Monument to the Discoveries and the Tower of Belem. A statue of Christ looms above Europe’s longest suspension bridge. Madragoa, Bica and Bairro Alto, Lisbon’s older sections, offer a variety of sights: the Church of Sao Roque, with its beautiful tiles; St. George Castle, which offers a splendid view from its location above the Alfama quarter; the botanical gardens, featuring an unusual, cold greenhouse; and the cathedral, stunning with its Moorish design. Renowned Gulbenkian Museum is the cultural center of Portugal. | ||
Sintra | Monday, Sep 22, 2025 | Monday, Sep 22, 2025 |
Sintra is a municipality located in the Lisbon Coast of Portugal. It is well known for its romantic architectural monuments, such as the National Palace of Queluz and the Moorish Castle, which is located at the top of the Serra de Sintra. It was classified by UNESCO in 1992 as a world heritage. | ||
Lisbon | Tuesday, Sep 23, 2025 | Tuesday, Sep 23, 2025 |
Portugal’s capital is an 18th-century city - elegant, open to the sea and carefully planned. Most places of interest are within easy walking distance. Rossio Square, the heart of Lisbon since medieval times, is an ideal place to start exploring. Many rebuilt houses with original façades provide stores and restaurants with modern interiors. High above Baixa is Bairro Alto - with its teeming nightlife. There are many monuments and museums, such as San Jeronimos Monastery, Royal Coach Museum and Gulbenkian Museum. Two well-known landmarks are the Monument to the Discoveries and the Tower of Belem. A statue of Christ looms above Europe’s longest suspension bridge. Madragoa, Bica and Bairro Alto, Lisbon’s older sections, offer a variety of sights: the Church of Sao Roque, with its beautiful tiles; St. George Castle, which offers a splendid view from its location above the Alfama quarter; the botanical gardens, featuring an unusual, cold greenhouse; and the cathedral, stunning with its Moorish design. Renowned Gulbenkian Museum is the cultural center of Portugal. |
Size: 215 sq.ft. Balcony. Located on deck Lisbon. Features: In-room temperature control, Deluxe hotel-style bedding with Egyptian linen, down pillows and duvet, Spacious bathrooms with multi-jet shower heads, Large wardrobe, full-length mirror, hair dryer, safe and direct-dial telephone, Flat-screen TV that also works as a computer, Entertainment on Demand system providing complimentary TV, movies and music library.
Inclusions | Rates |
---|---|
Cruise Only Terms and conditions |
$ 8578 PER PERSON |
Size: 215 sq.ft. Balcony. Located on deck Porto. Features: In-room temperature control, Deluxe hotel-style bedding with Egyptian linen, down pillows and duvet, Spacious bathrooms with multi-jet shower heads, Large wardrobe, full-length mirror, hair dryer, safe and direct-dial telephone, Flat-screen TV that also works as a computer, Entertainment on Demand system providing complimentary TV, movies and music library.
Inclusions | Rates |
---|---|
Cruise Only Terms and conditions |
$ 8878 PER PERSON |
Inclusions | Rates |
---|---|
Cruise Only Terms and conditions |
$ 10578 PER PERSON |
Size: 161 sq.ft. Panoramic Window. Located on deck Douro. Features: In-room temperature control, Deluxe hotel-style bedding with Egyptian linen, down pillows and duvet, Spacious bathrooms with multi-jet shower heads, Large wardrobe, full-length mirror, hair dryer, safe and direct-dial telephone, Flat-screen TV that also works as a computer, Entertainment on Demand system providing complimentary TV, movies and music library.
Inclusions | Rates |
---|---|
Cruise Only Terms and conditions |
$ 6579 PER PERSON |
Size: 161 sq.ft. Panoramic Window. Located on deck Douro. Features: In-room temperature control, Deluxe hotel-style bedding with Egyptian linen, down pillows and duvet, Spacious bathrooms with multi-jet shower heads, Large wardrobe, full-length mirror, hair dryer, safe and direct-dial telephone, Flat-screen TV that also works as a computer, Entertainment on Demand system providing complimentary TV, movies and music library.
Inclusions | Rates |
---|---|
Cruise Only Terms and conditions |
$ 6878 PER PERSON |
Click on the appropriate deck below for more information
Sun Deck |
Pourto Deck |
Lisbon Deck |
Douro Deck |
Statistics | |
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Year Built: | 2013 |
Year Refurbished: | 0 |
Year Entered Present Fleet: | 2013 |
Previous name: | |
County of Registry: | Portugal |
Tonnage (GRT): | 2650 |
PAX (basis 2): | 106 |
Max Pax (inc. Uppers): | 106 |
Passenger Decks: | 3 |
Number of Crew: | 30 |
Officers' Nationality: | International |
Cruise/Hotel Staff Nationality: | International |
Stateroom | |
---|---|
Suites with balcony: | 0 |
Suites (no balcony) | 0 |
Ocean View with balcony | 0 |
Ocean View (no balcony) | 0 |
Accomodations Inside | 0 |
Total number of accomodations in all categories | 53 |
Cruise reviews reflect the opnions of travel editors and cruisers / readers and may not represent those of our company.
Submit Your Own Review!Wonderful scenery, lovely people and great wines/port
Pros: Wonderful scenery, lovely people and great wines/port
Cons: Maybe more bus time than you would expect
Review: On balance, to see the countryside in the Douro, coach travel is necessary but on the whole it was well worth the rides to see the areas around the river.
Loved the small ship experience and the intimacy of the trip. The crew and the staff were outstanding and helped you with anything you needed. Our cruise director, Luis Rivero (spelling???) was outstanding and went over and beyond the call of duty - fabulous person.
Pros: Loved the small ship experience and the intimacy of the trip. The crew and the staff were outstanding and helped you with anything you needed. Our cruise director, Luis Rivero (spelling???) was outstanding and went over and beyond the call of duty - fabulous person.
Cons: I was not aware we would be on buses so frequently. The trips at night were not scheduled so we could see the country side - that was a shame.
Review: We were not sure what to expect! We really enjoyed the small ship experience and would do it again in the future.
Great tour Manager
Pros: Great tour Manager
Cons: Food and service were not up to what we have experienced on other AMA trips
Review:
Everything was wonderful especially the Tawny Port wine
Pros: Everything was wonderful especially the Tawny Port wine
Cons: No Cons
Review: Cruise manager Mariana Santos was excellent
Beautiful scenery and weather was great in October. Cruise including going through five locks, including two of the biggest in terms of the change in water level (both over 100 feet). Local guides and AMA guide for the entire trip were exceptional.
Pros: Beautiful scenery and weather was great in October. Cruise including going through five locks, including two of the biggest in terms of the change in water level (both over 100 feet). Local guides and AMA guide for the entire trip were exceptional.
Cons: Really none. The Madrid flamingo show was too expensive, so did not go
Review: Overall, an excellent value for the variety and activities
Excellent tour & service
Pros: Excellent tour & service
Cons: Lack of shopping time in each excursion.
Review: Allow more time to shop in every excursion. In Spain, due to siesta hour, should allow shopping 1st then tour or set a time to allow either or thereof.
Beautiful ship, delicious food, all the good wine you can drink, excellent service, interesting tours
Pros: Beautiful ship, delicious food, all the good wine you can drink, excellent service, interesting tours
Cons: Did not like the bed configuration for two women traveling together (a woman designer would have come up with something better) and the other ships I have been on had a separate computer in the room, whereas, this ship had it integrated it into the TV.
Review: Had the time of our lives and would highly recommend it. The Douro is one of the most beautiful areas in Europe that I have cruised. I liked the cruising in the morning and enjoying the beautiful sights along the river and then touring in the afternoon.
The Cruise Manager and the crew were all superb. Most of the excursions were excellent.
Pros: The Cruise Manager and the crew were all superb. Most of the excursions were excellent.
Cons: Food was sub-par, especially for the price paid for the cruise. The day in Lamego was a waste of time.
Review: Enjoyable cruise, but not as good as the one on the Danube, where you could walk into town from each port. The crew was excellent. Food could have been better.
Five Start Luxury & Service, Beautiful Scenery, Great Food & Wine
Pros: Five Start Luxury & Service, Beautiful Scenery, Great Food & Wine
Cons: None!
Review: We loved everything about our trip with AmaWaterways. From the pre-cruise trip to Lisbon to the boat, the crew and service, food and wine, tour guides and itinerary....I wouldn't change a thing. We met the most fantastic people on board and enjoyed every minute of it. They give you options to be very active, or to just relax and they take care of every detail. The food was fantastic, and there are plenty of options. Portugal is a magnificent country, with a tremendous history and a people who are welcoming and full of joy. We are looking forward to our next trip on Ama.
Rates are cruise or cruise/land only, per person, based on double occupancy. Port charges are additional. No additional government fees/ taxes or fuel surcharge. No fees for the rate of exchange US$-EUR.
All fares are quoted in US Dollars.
Information and pricing is subject to change without notice. While we do our very best to ensure that information and pricing appearing in this website is complete and accurate, we cannot be responsible for incomplete and inaccurate representations, which may or may not be under our control. In the event of a pricing issue, misrepresentation or omission, we reser the right to adjust the pricing or make nay other changes. Prices shown are in USD unless stated otherwise.